Using cellular technology within different IOT scenarios(Part-2)

This blog post is essentially a summary of my presentation(which can be found here) on application and deployment of 5G within IoT scenarios. which revolves around the following publication: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7397856

In this part of post(previous part : link) we will have a look at:

• Various Radio Access Technologies within 5G
• Various Radio Access Networks used in 5G + IoT scenario
• 5G IOT architectures: OneM2M and SmartM2M

So, as mentioned in previous post,
RAT is the underlying physical connection method for a radio based communication network like Wifi, bluetooth etc. while RAN is part of a mobile telecommunication system. It implements a radio access technology.

Various RATs for 5G

1. Relaying for increased coverage: –
   1. Improve range of base station
   2. Support Bandwidth hungry
      services.
   3. 4 different types of schemes for relaying:
      1. Amplify and forward
      2. Demodulate and forward
      3. Selective decode and forward
      4. Buffer aided – Only for delay tolerant services
   4. Improves scalability, load distribution, fault tolerant
2. Millimeter Wave Technologies: –
   1. With ever increasing mobile traffic demands, capacity of wireless carriers must also be increased!
   2. mm-Waves in combination with CMOS technology can provide low cost, energy efficient circuits with high data transfer rates.
   3. Problem: High propagation losses at millimeter frequencies!!
      mm-Waves find its application in D2D short-range data exchange.
   4. Can be used in heterogeneous networking with other 5G RATs.
3. Device to Device communication: –
   1. Involves exchange of data between mobile phones without involvement of Base station.
   2. Four different type of D2D communication exists:-
      1. Device relaying with operator controlled link establishment.
      2. D2D with operator controlled link
      3. Device relaying with device controlled link establishment
      4. D2D communication with device controlled link establishment
   3. With D2D, IoT devices can share, gather and forward information anonymously without increasing network traffic.

Various RAN’s for 5G

1. Decoupled Uplink and downlink
   1. Depending on congestion, device may choose to send Uplink traffic to a different base station
   2. It increases reliability and Throughput.
2. License Assisted Access(LAA)
   1. Within LAA, licensed bands are used for control or important messages while unlicensed bands are used for trivial data exchange.
   2. It reduces operational cost of the whole network
   3. Best suited for high-capacity applications
3. Radio Access Network as a service
   1. Distributing BS functionality to cloud
   2. Introduces delay but greatly enhances flexibility of operation.
   3. Software defined networking(SDN)

5G MTC architectures

1. ETSI SmartM2M ;
   1. It’s based on RESTful Service Capability Layer(SCL) which contains information using  a resource tree. Each resource can be transferred or manipulated using Create, Retrieve, Update and Delete commands.
   2. SmartM2M is made up of 2 domains: Device domain and network domain. Each device  runs a local instance of SCL and is connected to the network via gateway.
   3. SmartM2M is very secure, flexible and extensible. However it may suffer scalability issues as all transactions are being mediated by M2M network.
2. oneM2M :-
   1. oneM2M is also RESTful in its design but it resolves scalability issues by adopting a hierarchical organization of different network components.
   2. It also consists an additional security layer for encryption/Decryption of data packets and device authentication.